| From The Newspaper (34) Gender (10) |
April 27, 2023
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| The internet world was called 'The Third Wave'. 'The First Wave' was agriculture, 'The Second Wave' was the Industrial Revolution. And, as computers and the Internet have drastically changed our world, this is the Third Wave. E-mail and text messages on smartphones have changed our communication style. Especially in offices. Before, if you wanted to connect to a person for the first time on business, you needed to call and explain why you were calling. Sometimes the receiver might feel suspicious about you so you needed effort and a lot of time to explain. Now, you can email in advance with some documents about your business and information like a link to your company's website, then you can call. Sometimes, you might not need to call, because emails leave the record of the exchange, so you can omit checking. In this case, you might work with others without meeting the person in person for a long time. Originally, office working is a kind of standalone individual job. In the movie 'The Apartment', the protagonist worked at his desk from 9:00 to 5:00, he was typing something, calling his customers and colleagues, and this calling was repeated.  He only left his desk when he needed to talk to some of his bosses directly because the conversations should have been secret. Now this tendency, working at your desk, becomes longer because of computers and the internet. COVID-19 developed this situation even more. Thanks to Zoom and cloud computing, workers didn't need to go to their companies, they could get documents for their jobs from cloud computing and could have meetings online. This type of remote working is advantageous for workers who need to take care of children and/or care-receivers at home. They can also use more time than before because they don't need to commute. But, thinking up to this time, he wondered how many workers could enjoy these benefits? Waitresses and sales clerks can't work online. So, he started to search. It was a list by the Statistics Bureau showing the number of 'Employed persons by occupation and industry'. There were 11 types of occupations, and each male and female worker. T : Total, M : Male, F : Female, unit : million. % means each worker by the Total, Male, and Female sum. Total Workers (T : 66.76 million, M : 37.09 million, F : 29.68 million) 1) Administrative and managerial workers (T : 1.28 (1.9%), M : 1.12 (3.0%), F : 0.17 (0.6%)) 2) Professional and engineering workers (T : 12.14 (18.2%), M : 6.4 (17.3%), F : 5.74 (19.3%)) 3) Clerical workers (T : 13.51 (20.2%), M : 5.38 (14.5%), F : 8.13 (27.4%)) 4) Sales workers (T : 8.48 (12.7%), M : 4.71 (12.7%), F : 3.76 (12.7%)) 5) Service workers (T : 8.28 (12.4%), M : 2.62 (7.1%), F : 56.5 (19.0%)) 6) Security workers (T : 1.33 (2.0%), M : 1.23 (3.3%), F : 0.1 (0.3%)) 7) Agricultural, forestry and fishery workers (T : 2.09 (3.1%), M : 1.34 (3.6%), F : 0.75 (2.5%)) 8) Manufacturing process workers (T : 8.68 (13.0%), M : 6.14 (16.6%), F : 2.53 (8.5%)) 9) Transport and machine operation workers (T : 2.16 (3.2%), M : 2.09 (5.6%), F : 0.07 (0.2%)) 10) Construction and mining workers (T : 2.92 (4.4%), M : 2.85 (7.7%), F : 0.07 (0.2%)) 11) Carrying, cleaning, packaging, and related workers (T : 4.81 (7.2%), M : 2.61 (7.0%), F : 2.19 (7.4%)) He didn't understand 'clerical' and looked it up in the dictionary, it meant 'office work'. He was able to learn more about the following items: In administrative and managerial jobs, there are very few female workers. In professional and engineering jobs: nurses, care managers, and teachers are counted here. He checked it on another site. Office working occupies about 30% of female workers. For a lot of female service workers, waitresses, hotel workers, nursery-home workers are included. He also checked about this. There are very few female workers in security, transport, machine operating, and construction. This is understandable. Female office workers' rate is high, so remote working would help them to take care of children at home. But, recently he read that a lot of companies have been returning to the before-pandemic, non-remote working style. (To be continued) |
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No. 521
*person in person :直に会って
*standalone :独立した